接受术前化疗的乳腺癌患者体重指数与肿瘤免疫应答的临床验证

The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a simple indicator of obesity; patients with early-stage breast cancer who are obese (OB) per BMI measurements have been shown to have high postoperative recurrence and low survival rates. On the other hand, it has been shown that lymphocytes present in the vicinity of malignant growths that are involved in the tumors' immune responses influence the efficacy chemotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that OB patients with breast cancer have a lower density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which may influence the therapeutic effect of preoperative chemotherapy (POC). In this study, we measured pretreatment BMI and TILs in patients with breast cancer who underwent POC, examined the correlations between these two factors, and retrospectively analyzed their therapeutic outcomes and prognoses.

The participants in this study were 421 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment after POC between February 2007 and January 2019. The patient's height and weight were measured before POC to calculate the BMI (weight [kg] divided by the square of the height [m 2 ]). According to the World Health Organization categorization, patients who weighed under 18.5 kg/m 2 were classified as underweight (UW), those 18.5 kg/m 2 and > 25 kg/m 2 were considered normal weight (NW), those 25 kg/m 2 and < 30 kg/m 2 were overweight (OW), and those 30 kg/m 2 were OB. The TILs were those lymphocytes that infiltrated the tumor stroma according to the definition of the International TILs Working Group 2014.

The median BMI was 21.9 kg/m 2 (range, 14.3-38.5 kg/m 2 ); most patients (244; 64.5%) were NW. Among all 378 patients with breast cancer, the TIL density was significantly lower in OB than in NW and OW patients (vs. NW: p = 0.001; vs. OW: p = 0.003). Furthermore, when examining patients with each breast cancer type individually, the OS of those with TNBC who had low BMIs was significantly poorer than that of their high-BMI counterparts (log rank p = 0.031).

Our data did not support the hypothesis that obesity affects the tumor immune microenvironment; however, we showed that being UW does affect the tumor immune microenvironment.