安罗替尼通过诱导 CCL5 增强 CD8(+) T 细胞浸润，提高 PD-1/PD-L1 阻断疗法在肺癌中的疗效

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and requires effective treatment strategies. Recently, the development of a novel multiple-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anlotinib, has drawn increasing attention, especially it shows advantages when combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

However, the mechanism by which anlotinib improves immunotherapy and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we found that anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight in a lung cancer xenograft model compared to any single treatment. Both immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses revealed that anlotinib induced a CD8 + T cell dominated tumor microenvironment, which might account for its improved role in immunotherapy.

Further investigations showed that CCL5-mediated CD8 + T cell recruitment plays a critical role in anlotinib and PD-1 blockade strategies. The depletion of CD8 + T cells abrogated this process.

In conclusion, our findings showed that the combination of anlotinib and PD-1 blockade produced promising effects in the treatment of lung cancer, and that the induction of CCL5-mediced CD8 + T cell recruitment by anlotinib provided a novel mechanism of action.