CAR-T(CAR-T)细胞疗法在非肿瘤性疾病中的应用
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.
CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究
肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题:A major role for CD4(+) T cells in driving cytokine release syndrome during CAR T cell therapy.
A major role for CD4(+) T cells in driving cytokine release syndrome during CAR T cell therapy.
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抗 CD19 嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T 细胞疗法是治疗 B 细胞恶性肿瘤的一项突破,但可能导致严重不良事件,包括需要紧急临床处理的细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)。不同患者 CAR-T 细胞亚群的差异是否会影响 CRS 尚不明确。本研究显示,CD4⁺ CAR-T 细胞是 CRS 的主要驱动因素。研究采用具有免疫功能的抗 CD19 CAR-T 治疗模型,发现 CD4⁺ CAR-T 细胞(而非 CD8⁺ CAR-T 细胞)可诱发类似生理性 CRS 的表现,并伴有炎性细胞因子释放。在接受 CAR-T 治疗的患者中,血液中 CD4⁺ CAR-T 细胞绝对数量较高与 CRS 的发生及严重程度显著相关。小鼠 CRS 的发生不依赖 CAR-T 细胞来源的干扰素(IFN),但需要较高肿瘤负荷。因此,根据患者肿瘤负荷调整 CD4:CD8 CAR-T 细胞比例,可能有助于减轻 CAR-T 相关毒性。
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a breakthrough for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Yet, it can lead to severe adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which may require urgent clinical management. Whether interpatient variability in CAR T cell subsets contributes to CRS is unclear.
Here, we show that CD4 + CAR T cells are the main drivers of CRS. Using an immunocompetent model of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy, we report that CD4 + , but not CD8 + , CAR T cells elicit physiological CRS-like manifestations associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines. In CAR T cell-treated patients, CRS occurrence and severity are significantly associated with high absolute values of CD4 + CAR T cells in the blood. CRS in mice occurs independently of CAR T cell-derived interferon (IFN- ) but requires elevated tumor burden.
Thus, adjusting the CD4:CD8 CAR T cell ratio to patient tumor load may help mitigate CAR T cell-associated toxicities.
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