基于美国全国再入院数据库的复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者 CAR-T 治疗后 30 天再入院预测因素

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Despite the efficacy, these products have been associated with an adverse effect profile including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which require monitoring and early intervention.

This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Readmission Database (NRD) aimed at evaluating hospital outcomes, economic burden, and readmission risks for ide-cel and cilta-cel in a real-world cohort of RRMM patients treated across various hospitals in the USA. During the study period,1291 RRMM patients receiving BCMA CAR-T cell therapy were identified in the United States. After excluding December admissions to allow for 30-day follow-up, 1180 patients were included in the final analysis.

We found a 17% readmission rate within 30 days, with immune effector cell related complications and infections constituting the most common causes of readmission.

These findings highlight the significant clinical and economic burden of post-CAR-T care, despite the transformative impact of these therapies on outcomes for RRMM.