BCMA CAR-T 细胞治疗新诊断多发性骨髓瘤中不适合或未进行自体干细胞移植患者的 II 期研究（CAREMM-001）

Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) who are ineligible for or not proceeding to autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT)-often because of age or frailty-have limited opportunities to receive multiple effective lines of therapy, underscoring the need for novel frontline strategies.

In this phase II, open-label, single-arm trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05860036), patients received 3-4 cycles of protocol-allowed induction, followed by B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR-T infusion, and subsequent consolidation and lenalidomide maintenance. The primary end point was the rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity (10 -5 ) at Month three postinfusion.

Between April 4, 2023, and December 26, 2024, 43 patients were screened, 40 were enrolled, and 36 received infusion (median age, 68 years [46-75]). In the infused cohort, the MRD negativity rate at Month three postinfusion was 100% (36 of 36; 95% CI, 90.3 to 100.0). With a median follow-up of 15.8 months postinfusion (range, 4.3-26.0), no MRD recurrence was observed. The complete response rate (CRR) increased from 33.3% (12 of 36; 95% CI, 18.6 to 51.0) preinfusion to 69.4% (25 of 36; 95% CI, 51.9 to 83.7) at Month 3% and 94.4% (34 of 36; 95% CI, 81.3 to 99.3) at last follow-up. The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were transient cytopenia, including lymphopenia (100%), neutropenia (88.9%), leukopenia (80.6%), thrombocytopenia (19.4%), and anemia (8.3%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 52.8% of patients (all grade 1 to 2), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity in 5.6% (all grade 1), and infections in 30.6% (grade 3 in 19.4%). No deaths or disease progressions occurred by cutoff.

Frontline BCMA CAR-T therapy induces deep, rapid, and durable remissions with a manageable safety profile in the NDMM population ineligible for or not proceeding to ASCT. These findings support its investigation as a potentially practice-changing strategy for this population.