自体树突状细胞疫苗联合放化疗在新诊断胶质母细胞瘤中的可行性与安全性：一项回顾性单中心系列研究

The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains poor. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been investigated as an immunotherapy option, mainly in early-phase clinical studies. Herein, we report the feasibility, safety, and descriptive clinical and radiological outcomes of a retrospective series of newly diagnosed GBM patients treated with standard radio-chemotherapy and autologous DC vaccination as compassionate use.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiological records of patients with newly diagnosed GBM who received autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccination in addition to standard-of-care treatment at a tertiary academic center between 2009 and 2017. Clinical data, treatment characteristics, adverse events, survival outcomes, and radiological responses were collected and analyzed descriptively.

Twenty-four patients were included. All patients underwent surgical resection and were further treated with autologous tumor lysate-DC vaccination and standard radio-chemotherapy. Histology of GBM was confirmed in all patients. The first vaccine was administered in 75% of patients after a median of 21 days (range: 6-30 days) following surgery and prior to radiotherapy initiation. DC vaccination was continued following radiotherapy at specific time points, with no observed significant adverse events. Median OS was 21.1 months (95% CI, 27.9-75.0 months), and median PFS was 10.3 months (95% CI, 15.6-26.6 months). Presence of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation was associated with longer survival and higher 12-month PFS rates, consistent with its established prognostic value. Radiological responses were retrospectively assessed according to RANO and RANO 2.0 criteria.

In this retrospective single-center series, autologous DC vaccination administered as compassionate use in combination with standard radio-chemotherapy was feasible and safe in routine clinical practice. Survival and radiological outcomes are reported descriptively and should be interpreted with caution given the absence of a control cohort. These findings support further prospective controlled studies to properly assess the clinical role of DC vaccination in newly diagnosed GBM.