CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究
肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma.
Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma.
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多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的髓外病变（EMD）是疾病进展的重要指标，其病理生理机制复杂，涉及肿瘤微环境失调、染色体异常及信号通路异常激活。近年来，检测技术的进步显著提高了EMD的诊断率，但临床治疗仍面临耐药率高、特定部位病灶处理困难等挑战。本文系统综述了EMD的定义、分类、生物学特征、病理生理机制、诊断方法、当前治疗策略及新兴治疗挑战，强调不同致病因素之间的相互作用以及不同EMD亚型的异质性治疗反应，旨在为临床实践和研究方向提供全面参考。
Extramedullary disease (EMD) of multiple myeloma (MM) is a critical indicator of disease progression, with a complex pathophysiology involving tumor microenvironment dysregulation, chromosomal abnormalities, and aberrant signaling pathway activation. Advances in detection technologies have significantly improved EMD diagnosis rates in recent years, but clinical treatment still faces challenges such as high drug resistance rates and difficulties in managing lesions at specific sites.
This article systematically reviews the definition, classification, biological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, current treatment strategies, and emerging therapeutic challenges of EMD. It emphasizes the interactions between different pathogenic factors and the heterogeneous therapeutic responses of various EMD subtypes, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice and research directions.
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