CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

This scoping review synthesizes clinical trials from 2015 to 2025 investigating non-viral messenger RNA (mRNA)-based cancer vaccines, emphasizing trends in delivery platforms-ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccines versus in vivo lipid-based systems-and their association with cancer types. A systematic search of PubMed and ClinicalTrials. gov identified 72 early-phase trials, revealing a significant shift from DC-based ex vivo approaches (dominant 2015-2020) to lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based in vivo delivery post-2021 (p = 0. 0025), propelled by advancements from COVID-19 vaccines.

Statistical analyses, including linear regression and Fisher's exact test, demonstrate a strong association between ex vivo delivery and brain/CNS cancers (p = 0. 00042) and no significant correlation between DC vaccine administration routes and cancer types (p = 0. 25).

The surge in combination immunotherapies, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors post-2019, underscores the field's move toward multimodal strategies. This article offers a data-driven roadmap of the field's evolution, highlighting gaps in delivery optimization, reporting transparency, and standardization for future research. Companion articles detail ex vivo DC vaccine strategies and in vivo mRNA vaccine advancements.