靶向 BCMA 治疗多发性骨髓瘤：免疫治疗策略与临床结局的综合综述

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy and remains incurable, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), predominantly expressed on mature B lymphocytes, plays a critical role in B cell activation and maturation. Growing evidence underscores the involvement of BCMA in tumor growth, metastasis, and cancer stemness, establishing it as a promising therapeutic target.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of BCMA-targeted immunotherapeutic strategies in MM, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

While these therapies have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, challenges such as antigen escape, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, and treatment resistance persist. Future directions include the development of next-generation CAR T cells, combination therapies with other immunomodulatory agents, and innovative strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms.

We also discuss the clinical outcomes, limitations, and transformative potential of these novel therapies in the management of MM.