抗 CD19 CAR-T 细胞序贯干扰素-α 治疗诱导供者细胞来源急性淋巴细胞白血病持久完全缓解：1 例病例报告

Donor cell-derived leukemia (DCL) is a special type of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Patients with DCL generally have a poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy.

Here, we report a case of donor cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia after umbilical cord blood transplantation. The patient didn't respond to induction chemotherapy. She then received anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and achieved MRD-negative complete remission (CR).

However, MRD levels rose from negative to 0. 05% at 5 months after CAR-T cell therapy. Higher MRD levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of leukemia recurrence. Afterward, preemptive interferon- treatment was administrated to prevent disease recurrence. To date, the patient has maintained MRD-negative CR for 41 months.

Our results suggested that anti-CD19 CAR-T cells followed by interferon- therapy are effective in treating donor cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This report provides a novel strategy for the treatment of DCL.