复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者 BCMA CAR-T 细胞治疗后的感染并发症

B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (BCMA CAR-T) is an effective treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM).

However, the pattern of infectious complications is not well elucidated.

We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of infection outcomes up to 1 year after BCMA CAR-T for MM from 2018 to 2020. Fifty-five patients with MM were treated with BCMA CAR-T. Before lymphodepletion (LD), 35% of patients had severe hypogammaglobulinemia and 18% had severe lymphopenia. Most patients (68%) received bridging chemotherapy (BC) before LD. In the first month after CAR-T, 98% patients had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia. At 1 year after infusion, 76% patients had hypogammaglobulinemia. With a median follow-up of 6. 0 months (95% confidence interval, 4. 7-7. 4), there were a total of 47 infection events in 29 (53%) patients: 40% bacterial, 53% viral, and 6% fungal.

Most (92%) were mild-moderate and of the lower/upper respiratory tract system (68%). Half of the infections (53%) occurred in the first 100 days after CAR-T infusion. Although no statistically significant risk factors for infection were identified, prior lines of therapy, use of BC, recent infections, and post-CAR-T lymphopenia were identified as possible risk factors that need to be further explored.

This is the largest study to date to assess infectious complications after BCMA CAR-T. Despite multiple risk factors for severe immunosuppression in this cohort, relatively few life-threatening or severe infections occurred.

Further larger studies are needed to better characterize the risk factors for and occurrence of infections after BCMA CAR-T.