新型药物时代慢性淋巴细胞白血病中的自身免疫性血细胞减少症

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune cytopenias are common complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, leading to increased morbidity and a reduced quality of life for affected patients. The diagnosis and management of these complications have improved with the development of new therapeutic agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes the key findings on diagnosing and managing autoimmune cytopenias in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with a particular focus on the impact of new therapeutic agents. These include Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, B-cell lymphoma 2 protein inhibitors, monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies.

The review is based on a PubMed database search for articles published up to March 1, 2026, covering the abovementioned topics, as well as the authors' clinical and research experience. EXPERT OPINION: Despite advances in the treatment of autoimmune cytopenias, current management still primarily relies on corticosteroid therapy.

Clear evidence supporting the use of novel targeted agents in this setting remains limited. Future progress depends on dedicated clinical trials aimed at better defining the role of emerging therapies and enabling more personalized treatment strategies, although the rarity of autoimmune cytopenias associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presents a significant challenge.