肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Immunotherapeutic Strategies Targeting GD2-Expressing Malignancies.
GD2是一种肿瘤相关碳水化合物抗原，已被验证为治疗高危神经母细胞瘤的有前景的免疫治疗靶点。
GD2是一种肿瘤相关碳水化合物抗原，已被证实是治疗高危神经母细胞瘤的一个有前景的免疫治疗靶点。历史上，癌症治疗主要集中于蛋白质靶点。然而，2015年FDA批准dinutuximab（一种GD2特异性单克隆抗体）标志着重大转变，确立了碳水化合物作为可行治疗靶点的地位。此后，抗GD2已成为高危神经母细胞瘤标准治疗方案的关键组成部分。除神经母细胞瘤外，GD2还在其他几种恶性肿瘤中表达，包括黑色素瘤、胶质瘤、小细胞肺癌和肉瘤。针对GD2的多种治疗策略已被开发，涵盖鼠源、嵌合和人源化抗体；双特异性抗体；免疫细胞因子；嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T和CAR自然杀伤T（NKT）细胞；以及基于疫苗的方法。全面了解每种模式的优势和局限性，对于指导更有效的联合治疗设计以及改善GD2表达肿瘤患者的预后至关重要。
GD2, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, has been validated as a promising immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. Historically, cancer therapies have largely focused on protein targets. However, the FDA approval of dinutuximab, a GD2-specific monoclonal antibody, in 2015 marked a significant shift by establishing carbohydrates as viable therapeutic targets. Since then, anti-GD2 has become a key component of the standard treatment regimen for high-risk neuroblastoma. Beyond neuroblastoma, GD2 is also expressed in several other malignancies, including melanoma, glioma, small cell lung cancer, and sarcoma. A wide array of therapeutic strategies targeting GD2 has been developed, encompassing murine, chimeric, and humanized antibodies; bispecific antibodies; immunocytokines; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and CAR natural killer T (NKT) cells; and vaccine-based approaches. A thorough understanding of the strengths and limitations of each of these modalities is essential to inform the design of more effective combination therapies and to improve outcomes for patients with GD2-expressing tumors.
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