CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

Exosomes (EXOs), membrane vesicles, have garnered significant attention in cancer treatments as a novel means by which cells communicate with each other. EXOs are recognized for their pathophysiological participation in cancer therapy and their role in immune activation. Moreover, extensive research has been conducted on EXOs-mediated cancer treatment, demonstrating significant potential for targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). Dendritic cells (DCs), which orchestrate the immune response, have been extensively utilized in immunotherapy. Similar to other cells, DCs can release nanovesicles, predominantly EXOs. Significant attention has been directed toward dendritic cell-derived EXOs (DC-EXOs) as immunotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Like DCs, DC-EXOs possess chemicals that engage with immune cells, including costimulatory molecules and functional MHC-peptide complexes on their surface. DC-EXOs offer several benefits over cell-based immunotherapies that employ DCs, including the ability to facilitate immune cell-mediated tumor eradication. Tumor peptide-loaded d DC-EXOs have demonstrated efficacy in Phase I clinical studies; a Phase II clinical trial is underway. This study has examined the therapeutic potential of DC-EXOs for CSCs and various types of cancer. The advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic method were also reviewed to augment the anticancer efficacy and targeting of DC-EXOs for prospective clinical application. DC-EXOs have drawn a lot of interest because they activate antigen-specific T, B, and NK cells—different immune cells that effectively destroy tumor cells. The Dex vaccine is thus a viable cell-free cancer prevention injection; it has significant benefits over existing anti-cancer vaccines, such as peptide, DC, DNA, and mRNA vaccines, in terms of immunogenicity, control over the immunosuppressive environment, and delivery efficiency. Future fundamental studies and clinical trials have to concentrate on how DC-EXOs might elicit a CTL response. The effective creation of immunotherapy based on DC-EXOs will increase the arsenal available to combat cancer. Furthermore, DC-EXOs hold great promise for CSC treatment. By efficiently inducing the immune system to target and eradicate therapy-resistant CSCs, these nano-sized vesicles tackle the underlying cause of metastasis and recurrence. They are a vital next-generation, commercially available immunotherapy due to their stability, minimal toxicity, and engineering potential. Understanding these processes is essential to creating potent new treatments that enable the body’s immune system to destroy cancer and CSCs, providing a route to longer-lasting remedies.