肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Pro-tumorigenic effects and therapeutic implications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes under hypoxic conditions: a systematic review.
当前研究表明，间充质干细胞来源的外泌体经低氧预处理后，能够影响癌细胞中的特定基因、miRNA及信号通路，从而促进增殖、迁移和侵袭，并抑制凋亡。
背景：间充质干细胞（MSC）来源外泌体可通过转运miRNA等生物活性分子发挥治疗作用，尤其在癌症治疗方面具有潜力。缺氧是肿瘤常见环境，会影响肿瘤进展和MSC行为。本综述探讨缺氧如何影响MSC来源外泌体，以及这些外泌体对癌症相关通路和基因的作用。方法：系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science四个数据库，关键词包括间充质干细胞、外泌体、缺氧、癌症及相关术语。纳入关注缺氧对不同癌症中MSC来源细胞外囊泡作用的原始临床前研究，并进行定性资料汇总。结果：共检索到264篇文章，其中8篇符合纳入标准；4篇研究肺癌、2篇乳腺癌、1篇肝细胞癌、1篇多发性骨髓瘤。结果显示，MSC来源外泌体在体内外均增强癌细胞存活、迁移、增殖和侵袭，并降低癌细胞凋亡。此外，缺氧条件下产生的MSC外泌体可改变癌细胞中部分miRNA表达，进而影响多条信号通路。结论：缺氧预处理MSC来源外泌体可能通过影响癌细胞特定基因、miRNA和信号通路，促进增殖、迁移和侵袭并减少凋亡。缺氧调节外泌体的生物学效应明显依赖具体情境；其在癌症微环境中可能加剧恶性进展，而类似通路在非癌情境下也可能促进组织修复和再生。
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes revealed therapeutic ability, particularly in cancer treatment, by transferring bioactive molecules like miRNAs. Hypoxia, a common tumor condition, influences both tumor progression and MSC behavior. This review explores how hypoxic conditions affect MSC-derived exosomes and their impact on cancer-related pathways and genes. METHOD: The current systematic review study was conducted by searching four different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, using keywords such as mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, hypoxia, cancer, and related terms. All original pre-clinical studies that focused on the role and effect of hypoxia in MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in different cancers were included. Data were collected qualitatively. RESULT: Overall, 264 articles were identified from searching in databases, and eight of them met the eligibility criteria and were included in the current study. Among the articles, four focused on lung cancer, two on breast cancer, one on hepatocellular carcinoma, and one on Multiple Myeloma. The results indicated that MSC-derived exosomes have an enhanced effect on cell viability, migration, proliferation, and invasion of cancerous cells both in vitro and in vivo settings, and also cause a reduction in apoptosis in these cells. Besides, hypo MSC-exosomes can change the expression of some miRNAs in cancer cells, which affect different signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: In general, the current study suggests that hypoxia-preconditioning of MSC-derived exosomes can influence specific genes, miRNAs, and signaling pathways in cancer cells, leading to increased proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as decreased apoptosis. Besides, the biological effects of hypoxia-modulated exosomes seem to be significantly context-dependent. Although they may exacerbate malignancy in cancer microenvironments, analogous pathways can also facilitate tissue repair and regeneration in non-cancerous situations.
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