颗粒酶 B 靶向 PET 显像在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用与前景

In the context of cancer immunotherapy, assessing treatment response and predicting survival outcomes remain major challenges. Granzyme B (GZMB), released by cytotoxic T cells, represents the terminal effector event of activated antitumor immunity, thereby providing a robust rationale for GZMB-targeted positron emission tomography (GZMB PET) imaging as a noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic approach to monitoring immune activity within the tumor microenvironment.

This review aims to 1) outline the molecular and immunological mechanisms of GZMB in antitumor immunity; 2) critically appraise the clinical value of GZMB PET beyond short-term response prediction; and 3) compare GZMB PET with existing imaging and biomarker based strategies, delineating its advantages, limitations, and translational prospects to inform future research and clinical practice.

Not applicable. The release of GZMB from activated effector T lymphocytes is the terminal and pivotal event in antitumor immunity. GZMB PET successfully represents the real-time antitumor immune activity, enabling the direct assessment of treatment response and showing potential for additional applications including differentiating pseudoprogression.

Further clinical studies are needed to validate the accuracy and reliability of GZMB PET, including head-to-head comparisons with conventional modalities and other emerging immune-targeted imaging approaches.