接受 CD19 靶向 CAR-T 细胞治疗的 ICANS 患者中血清神经丝蛋白评估的严重程度依赖性神经轴突损伤

This is a case-control study nested within a cohort of NHL patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cells at a tertiary care center. From this cohort, we selected those who developed ICANS and had available blood samples. These patients were compared to matched NHL patients without ICANS from the same cohort. sNfL concentrations were measured immediately pre-infusion and on days 7 and 14 post-infusion, with z-scores calculated against a normative database. Mixed linear and ROC analysis assessed sNfL dynamics by ICANS presence and severity.

Of 159 patients treated, 54 (34%) developed ICANS. We included 32 patients with ICANS and 22 matched controls. Baseline sNfL concentrations were similarly elevated in both ICANS and non-ICANS patients. However, on day 7, patients with moderate-severe ICANS (grade 2) had higher sNfL levels (median z-score 2.33) than those with mild or no ICANS (median z-score 1.72;p = 0.022). The optimal cutoff to discriminate moderate-severe ICANS from other patients based on sNfL was a z-score of 2.14 on day 7 (p = 0.004). DISCUSSION: Moderate-severe ICANS is associated with elevated sNfL levels by day 7 post-infusion, indicating early neuroaxonal damage and underscoring sNfL as a valuable biomarker for assessing ICANS severity.