皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的治疗进展

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of rare and heterogenous diseases. There is currently no curative treatment for patients with advanced mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of MF/SS have been updated and focus on recently available treatments. Peginterferon, a new form of interferon, has a favourable risk-benefit profile for the treatment of patients with CTCL. Recently approved monoclonal antibodies (mABs) have completely modified the treatment algorithm of advanced CTCL treatment.

Brentuximab vedotin is very efficient for tumours and transformed MF. Mogamulizumab can induce long-term remission in patients with SS. An international trial of lacutamab has recently been completed, for both SS and MF.

Numerous novel targets have been identified, and several new mABs have been shown to be able to enhance specific immune responses and to induce targeted antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and cytophagocytosis. These new antibodies warrant further evaluation in controlled trials. Kinase inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy are promising new treatments.

Finally, recent studies have demonstrated that allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation can increase survival and quality of life in patients with advanced CTCL. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are rare skin cancers. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common types of CTCL. Currently, there is no cure for advanced forms of these diseases. New treatment guidelines reflect recent advances in therapy for CTCLs.

For example, peginterferon is a newer form of interferon, which has shown promise in treating CTCL. It offers a balance between effectiveness and safety. New treatment options have greatly changed how advanced CTCL is treated. Brentuximab vedotin is very effective for certain types of MF, particularly the more aggressive forms. Mogamulizumab has induced long-lasting remission in people with SS. International trials of lacutamab have recently been completed. They show potential benefits for both MF and SS.

We also describe how researchers have identified new targets for therapy. More treatment options have been developed, based on monoclonal antibodies that can boost immune responses and directly destroy cancer cells.

However, although promising, these treatments need further testing in controlled trials.

We show evidence that a stem-cell transplant can improve survival and quality of life for patients with advanced CTCL.