肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Imaging Findings of Complications of New Anticancer Drugs.
Imaging Findings of Complications of New Anticancer Drugs.
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抗癌药物已取得显著进展，涵盖分子靶向治疗（MTTs）、免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）、CAR-T 细胞疗法和抗体药物偶联物（ADCs）。这些药物相关的并发症因其作用机制不同而差异很大。靶向血管生成的MTTs通常可导致多器官缺血或内皮损伤相关并发症，而非抗血管生成的MTTs则因其特定药理作用而表现出独特的并发症。ICIs主要与免疫相关不良事件相关，如肺炎、结肠炎、肝炎、甲状腺疾病、垂体炎和类肉瘤样反应。CAR-T 疗法引起独特且严重的并发症，包括细胞因子释放综合征和免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征。ADCs倾向于引起与细胞毒性载荷相关的并发症。全面了解这些药物特异性毒性，尤其是利用医学影像，对于提供最佳患者护理至关重要。基于这些知识，放射科医生可在多学科团队中发挥关键作用。因此，放射科医生必须及时了解这些并发症的影像学特征以及新型抗癌药物的作用机制。
The anticancer drugs have evolved significantly, spanning molecular targeted therapeutics (MTTs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Complications associated with these drugs vary widely based on their mechanisms of action. MTTs that target angiogenesis can often lead to complications related to ischemia or endothelial damage across various organs, whereas non-anti-angiogenic MTTs present unique complications derived from their specific pharmacological actions.
ICIs are predominantly associated with immune-related adverse events, such as pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, thyroid disorders, hypophysitis, and sarcoid-like reactions. CAR-T therapy causes unique and severe complications including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.
ADCs tend to cause complications associated with cytotoxic payloads. A comprehensive understanding of these drug-specific toxicities, particularly using medical imaging, is essential for providing optimal patient care. Based on this knowledge, radiologists can play a pivotal role in multidisciplinary teams.
Therefore, radiologists must stay up-to-date on the imaging characteristics of these complications and the mechanisms underlying novel anticancer drugs.
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