肿瘤微环境驱动 TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）中协同刺激分子与抑制性分子之间的交互对话：对优化免疫治疗结局的意义

This review explores some of the complex mechanisms underlying antitumor T-cell response, with a specific focus on the balance and cross-talk between selected co-stimulatory and inhibitory pathways. The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters both T-cell activation and exhaustion, a dual role influenced by the local presence of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs), which are exploited by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Recent advancements in IC blockade (ICB) therapies have transformed cancer treatment.

However, only a fraction of patients respond favorably, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers and combination therapies to overcome ICB resistance. A crucial aspect is represented by the complexity of the TME, which encompasses diverse cell types that either enhance or suppress immune responses.

This review underscores the importance of identifying the most critical cross-talk between inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules for developing approaches tailored to patient-specific molecular and immune profiles to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of IC inhibitors and enhance clinical outcomes.