肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Current status of vaccine immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers.
肿瘤免疫学和分子药物开发的最新进展开创了癌症免疫治疗的新时代。
近年来，肿瘤免疫学和分子药物开发的进展开创了癌症免疫治疗的新时代。免疫治疗已在多种肿瘤类型中显示出有希望的结果，例如晚期黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、肾细胞癌、膀胱癌和难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤。同样，人们也致力于开发针对胃肠道肿瘤的免疫疗法，如过继性 T 细胞移植、肽疫苗和树突状细胞疫苗。然而，在免疫检查点抑制剂出现之前，免疫治疗的效果并未达到预期。本文对免疫治疗进行综述，重点关注针对胃肠道肿瘤的癌症疫苗，这类疫苗通常以诱导肿瘤特异性 CD8+ 细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞（CTL）为目标。我们还回顾了多种疫苗疗法，并描述了疫苗与佐剂之间的关系。最后，我们讨论了免疫治疗与免疫检查点抑制剂联合应用的前景。
Recent advances in tumor immunology and molecular drug development have ushered in a new era of cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown promising results for several types of tumors, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Similarly, efforts have been made to develop immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transplantation, peptide vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines, specifically for gastrointestinal tumors. However, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy did not work as well as expected. In this article, we review immunotherapy, focusing on cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors, which generally target eliciting tumor-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We also review various vaccine therapies and describe the relationship between vaccines and adjuvants. Finally, we discuss prospects for the combination of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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