CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究
肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer.
Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer.
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成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）系统在原核生物中提供针对质粒和噬菌体的适应性免疫。该系统启发了强大基因组工程工具CRISPR/CRISPR相关核酸酶9（CRISPR/Cas9）基因组编辑系统的发展。由于其高效性和精确性，CRISPR/Cas9技术已被用于探索癌症相关基因的功能、建立荷瘤动物模型和探究药物靶点，极大地增加了我们对癌症基因组学的理解。在此，我们综述了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在肿瘤学研究中的现状。我们首先解释CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑的基本原理，并介绍几种新的基于CRISPR的基因编辑模式。接下来，我们详述CRISPR筛选在揭示肿瘤发生、转移和耐药机制方面的快速进展。此外，我们介绍CRISPR/Cas9系统的递送载体，最后展示CRISPR/Cas9工程化增强过继性T细胞治疗（ACT）效果并减少不良反应的潜力。
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This system inspires the development of a powerful genome engineering tool, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system. Due to its high efficiency and precision, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been employed to explore the functions of cancer-related genes, establish tumor-bearing animal models and probe drug targets, vastly increasing our understanding of cancer genomics.
Here, we review current status of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in oncological research.
We first explain the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and introduce several new CRISPR-based gene editing modes.
We next detail the rapid progress of CRISPR screening in revealing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms.
In addition, we introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery vectors and finally demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to enhance the effect of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and reduce adverse reactions.
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