CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

The review further examines mechanisms underlying treatment resistance and the limitations of current targeted therapies. Although many pathway-directed treatments have demonstrated promising preclinical activity, clinical translation remains challenging because of compensatory signaling, blood-brain barrier limitations, and molecular heterogeneity. Conclusion: Future progress will likely depend on biomarker-driven patient stratification, improved CNS drug delivery, and rational combination therapies capable of simultaneously targeting multiple tumor-promoting mechanisms. Glioblastoma remains the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with poor survival despite multimodal treatment.Dysregulation of EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt, and TGF- signaling pathways drives tumor proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, glioma stem cell maintenance, and therapeutic resistance.Intratumoral heterogeneity, adaptive signaling crosstalk, glioma stem cell plasticity, and blood brain barrier limitations are major barriers to successful targeted therapy.Emerging therapeutic strategies, including regorafenib, FGFR3 TACC3-targeted therapies, natural killer cell immunotherapy, CAR-NK cells, antibody-drug conjugates, and oncolytic viruses, show promise but require further clinical validation.Biomarker-driven patient stratification and molecular profiling are expected to improve selection of targeted therapies and combination treatment strategies.Future progress will likely depend on rational combination therapies that simultaneously target multiple signaling pathways, glioma stem cells, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment while improving central nervous system drug delivery.