肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.
Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.
乳腺癌（BC）仍是全球女性癌症相关死亡的首要原因，也是疾病负担的主要贡献者。
乳腺癌（BC）仍是全球女性癌症相关死亡的首要原因和疾病负担的主要贡献因素。尽管靶向 PD-1/PD-L1 的免疫检查点抑制剂已成为某些三阴性乳腺癌亚组的标准治疗，但其在更广泛 BC 人群中的应用受到内在耐药、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）以及治疗相关不良反应的限制。本综述全面综合了 BC 的免疫治疗范式，涵盖 ICIs、过继性细胞疗法（CAR-T、CAR-NK、CAR-M、TIL、TCR-T 和 CIK 细胞）以及新兴免疫调节剂。我们批判性评估关键临床试验，讨论跨领域挑战——包括生物标志物开发、治疗耐药以及细胞产品的实际局限性——并强调合理的联合策略。通过对比不同模式的转化就绪度，并勾勒个体化治疗框架，本综述旨在为利用免疫对抗 BC 的未来研究和临床实践提供信息。
Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and a major contributor to disease burden among women worldwide. Although PD‑1/PD‑L1‑targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a standard treatment for certain triple‑negative breast cancer subgroups, their use across the broader BC population is limited by intrinsic resistance, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and treatment‑related adverse effects. The present review offers a comprehensive synthesis of the immunotherapeutic paradigm in BC, spanning ICIs, adoptive cellular therapies (CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, TIL, TCR-T, and CIK cells), and emerging immune modulators. We critically evaluate pivotal clinical trials, discuss cross-cutting challenges-including biomarker development, therapy resistance, and the practical limitations of cellular products-and highlight rational combinatorial strategies. By contrasting the translational readiness of diverse modalities and outlining a framework for personalized therapy, this review aims to inform future research and clinical practice in harnessing immunity against BC.
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