肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Tailored Biomaterials Induce Tertiary Lymphoid Structures for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy.
癌症免疫治疗的一个核心障碍是“冷”肿瘤，其特征为免疫浸润有限，使其对治疗基本无反应。
癌症免疫治疗的一个核心障碍是“冷”肿瘤，其特征是免疫浸润有限，使其对治疗基本无响应。三级淋巴结构（TLS）作为异位免疫微环境，可通过支持抗原呈递、淋巴细胞活化和协调的免疫反应，将这些冷肿瘤转化为“热”肿瘤。因此，诱导TLS形成的策略具有重要的治疗前景。近期研究探索了一系列旨在肿瘤微环境中编排TLS形成的生物材料系统。这包括合成生物材料平台（纳米载体、刺激响应性水凝胶、可编程3D支架和介孔材料）、天然及生物衍生系统（类器官和外泌体），以及新兴的生物活性实体（工程化免疫细胞、溶瘤病毒和细菌）。本综述概述了TLS的细胞组成、成熟过程和免疫学功能，重点介绍了促进TLS形成的多种生物材料平台，并总结了转化挑战，包括生物安全性、标准化和可扩展性。可诱导TLS（iTLS）提供了重塑肿瘤免疫微环境的有力手段，为晚期癌症免疫治疗提供了令人振奋的机遇。
A central obstacle in cancer immunotherapy is the "cold" tumor, characterized by limited immune infiltration, which renders it largely unresponsive to treatment. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), functioning as ectopic immune niches, can convert these cold tumors into "hot" ones by supporting antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, and coordinated immune responses. Therefore, strategies to induce TLS formation hold significant therapeutic promise. Recent studies have explored a range of biomaterial systems designed to orchestrate the formation of TLS within the tumor microenvironment. This encompasses synthetic biomaterial platforms (nanocarriers, stimulus-responsive hydrogels, programmable 3D scaffolds, and mesoporous materials), natural and bioderived systems (organoids and exosomes), as well as emerging bioactive entities (engineered immune cells, oncolytic viruses, and bacteria). This review outlines the cellular composition, maturation process, and immunological functions of TLS, highlights diverse biomaterial platforms facilitating TLS formation, and summarizes translational challenges, including biosafety, standardization, and scalability. Inducible TLS (iTLS) provide a potent means to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, offering exciting opportunities for advanced cancer immunotherapy.
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