CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment has developed among major substantial improvements for modern cancer treatment, providing sustained responses in patients with otherwise resistant blood cancers. This method comprises of patients reprogramming or donor's T lymphocytes to interpret tumor associated antigens self-sufficiently of major histocompatibility multifaceted presentation, thereby circumventing a key limitation of natural immune surveillance. The approval of CD19- and BCMA-targeted therapies demonstrated remarkable clinical impact and validated the approach. Over successive generations, CAR constructs have been refined with additional costimulatory elements, cytokine support, and multifunctional signaling domains, improving both their persistence and therapeutic activity. Despite such progress, important challenges remain, including risks of relapse, toxicity including neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome with limited efficacy in solid tumors. Current research is focused on strategies, such as armored CARs, gene editing, and combination therapies to expand clinical benefit. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2000 to 2026 till date. Relevant peer-reviewed articles were selected based on their relevance to CAR T-cell therapy, including preclinical and clinical studies. Detailed search strategy, inclusion criteria, and screening methods are described in the main manuscript. This review explores the evolution, applications, and future outlook of CAR T-cell rehabilitation. CAR T-cell therapy in cancer: training the body s immune system to fight cancer more effectively Cancer is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can be effective, but they often have serious side effects and may not work for all patients. This has led to the development of newer treatments that help the body s own immune system fight cancer. CAR T-cell therapy is one such advanced treatment. It works by collecting a patient s immune cells (called T-cells) and modifying them in a laboratory so they can better recognize and attack cancer cells. These modified cells are then multiplied and returned to the patient s body, where they seek out and destroy cancer cells. This therapy has shown very promising results, especially in certain types of blood cancers that are difficult to treat with standard therapies. Some patients have experienced long-lasting responses. However, there are still challenges. These include side effects caused by an overactive immune response, the risk of cancer returning, and limited success in treating solid tumors such as lung or breast cancer. Researchers are working to improve this therapy by making it safer, more effective, and suitable for more types of cancer. New approaches include combining CAR T-cell therapy with other treatments and using advanced technologies like gene editing. Overall, CAR T-cell therapy is a rapidly developing and promising approach that could improve outcomes for many cancer patients in the future.