CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. However, post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a common and serious complication, significantly impacting patient prognosis and survival. Currently available antiviral agents are limited by bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity, drug resistance, and high cost, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Advances in immunotherapy - including CMV-specific T cells (CMV-CTL), TCR-engineered T cells (CMV-TCR-T), and natural killer (NK) cell therapies - as well as antibody-based approaches and prophylactic vaccines, provide new avenues for CMV management. Future treatment paradigms may integrate antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccination to improve outcomes in patients experiencing CMV reactivation after transplantation. This review summarizes the current progress of immunotherapeutic strategies for CMV infection following allo-HSCT. Relevant literature was identified through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from January 2000 to December 2025. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, a treatment used to cure blood cancers. CMV can seriously affect patient recovery and survival. Standard antiviral drugs are limited by side effects, drug resistance, and high cost. New immune-based therapies offer alternative ways to prevent and control CMV. These include virus-specific T cells, engineered T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, antibodies, and vaccines. They enhance the immune system s ability to recognize and eliminate CMV, reducing the risk of infection or reactivation after transplantation. This review summarizes the latest advances in these therapies and highlights how combining immunotherapy with antiviral drugs and vaccines may improve patient outcomes.