肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Therapeutic potential of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer.
肾细胞癌（RCC）和前列腺癌（PCa）是泌尿系统中最常见且治疗最具挑战性的恶性肿瘤之一，尤其是在晚期或转移性阶段。
肾细胞癌（RCC）和前列腺癌（PCa）是泌尿生殖系统中最常见且治疗最具挑战性的恶性肿瘤之一，尤其是在晚期或转移性阶段。对于晚期/转移性RCC，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）和免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）等靶向药物已改善了无进展生存期和总生存期。对于转移性去势敏感性PCa，雄激素剥夺治疗（ADT）联合雄激素受体通路抑制剂（ARPIs）加或不加化疗仍是标准治疗方案。尽管取得了这些进展，治疗耐药、肿瘤复发和治疗相关毒性仍持续限制着长期疗效。因此，迫切需要能够增强抗肿瘤免疫、减少复发并改善生存的创新免疫治疗策略。细胞因子诱导的杀伤（CIK）细胞疗法已成为一种有前景的过继性免疫治疗，能够增强抗肿瘤免疫并改善预后。CIK细胞是一群异质性免疫效应细胞，兼具T细胞（CD3⁺CD56⁻）、NK样T细胞（CD3⁺CD56⁺）和NK细胞（CD3⁻CD56⁺）的特征。其细胞毒活性通过自然杀伤组2成员D（NKG2D）受体-配体相互作用以主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）非限制性方式发生，从而能够消除多种类型的肿瘤。除了制备简单、增殖能力强和成本低之外，CIK疗法还具有多项优势，包括降低复发率、改善生活质量、延长生存期以及良好的安全性和耐受性。CIK细胞的多功能性还使其能够与现有免疫疗法和靶向治疗相结合。本综述重点介绍了CIK细胞疗法在RCC和PCa中的最新进展，强调了其生物学机制、临床前和临床证据，以及临床转化和联合免疫治疗的未来前景。
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prostate cancer (PCa) are among the most prevalent and therapeutically challenging malignancies of the genitourinary system, particularly in advanced or metastatic stages. For advanced/metastatic RCC, targeted agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved progression-free and overall survival. For metastatic castration-sensitive PCa, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) with or without chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Despite these advances, therapeutic resistance, tumor recurrence, and treatment-related toxicities continue to limit long-term outcomes. Therefore, innovative immunotherapeutic strategies that can strengthen antitumor immunity, reduce relapse, and improve survival are urgently required. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy has emerged as a promising adoptive immunotherapy capable of enhancing antitumor immunity and improving outcomes. CIK cells are a heterogeneous population of immune effectors sharing features of T cells (CD3⁺CD56⁻), NK-like T cells (CD3⁺CD56⁺), and NK cells (CD3⁻CD56⁺). Their cytotoxic activity occurs in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner through natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor-ligand interactions, enabling the elimination of a wide spectrum of tumor types. In addition to their simple preparation, strong proliferative capacity, and low cost, CIK therapy offers several advantages, including reduced relapse rates, improved quality of life, prolonged survival, and favorable safety and tolerability. The versatility of CIK cells also allows integration with existing immunotherapies and targeted treatments. This review highlights recent advances in CIK cell therapy for RCC and PCa, emphasizing their biological mechanisms, preclinical and clinical evidence, and future perspectives for clinical translation and combination immunotherapy.
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