肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Mechanisms and clinical advancements of cell-based immunotherapies in non-small cell lung cancer: an integrated perspective.
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）仍是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因，尽管传统治疗不断进步，生存改善仍然有限。
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）仍是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一；尽管常规疗法有所进展，生存率仅有小幅改善。利用体外扩增或基因修饰免疫细胞的细胞免疫疗法已成为有前景的替代方案。自然杀伤（NK）细胞、TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）、树突状细胞（DC）疫苗、细胞因子诱导杀伤（CIK）细胞及CAR-T（CAR-T）细胞等方法，在临床前和早期临床研究中显示出令人鼓舞的潜力。然而，免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）、肿瘤内抗原异质性，以及过继转移细胞持久性和扩增能力有限等多种因素，显著限制了其NSCLC临床疗效。为克服这些障碍，研究者正在积极探索细胞工程进展、合理的联合方案和更完善的患者选择策略。本综述批判性地概述NSCLC细胞疗法的现状，重点关注近期突破、持续存在的局限及不断发展的疗效增强策略。通过对这些进展进行梳理，我们旨在阐明细胞免疫疗法的转化潜力及其重新定义NSCLC治疗模式的作用。
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with only modest improvements in survival despite advances in conventional therapies. Cell-based immunotherapy, which utilizes ex vivo expanded or genetically modified immune cells, has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. Approaches such as natural killer (NK) cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have shown encouraging potential in preclinical and early clinical studies. However, their clinical efficacy in NSCLC is significantly constrained by multiple factors, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), intratumoral antigenic heterogeneity, and limited persistence and expansion of adoptively transferred cells. To address these barriers, advances in cellular engineering, rational combinatorial regimens, and refined patient selection strategies are actively being explored. This review provides a critical overview of the current landscape of cell-based therapies in NSCLC, focusing on recent breakthroughs, persistent limitations, and evolving strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. By contextualizing these developments, we aim to clarify the translational potential of cellular immunotherapy and its role in redefining the treatment paradigm for NSCLC.
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