肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Roles of extracellular vesicles from different origins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: progress and perspectives.
Roles of extracellular vesicles from different origins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: progress and perspectives.
代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）是全球最常见的慢性肝病，与全身代谢紊乱相关。
代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）是全球最常见的慢性肝病，与全身代谢失调相关。疾病可从单纯肝脂肪变（MAFL）进展为更严重的代谢相关脂肪性肝炎（MASH）、纤维化、肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC）。目前 MAFLD/MASH 缺乏可靠的无创诊断方法和有效药物治疗，因此亟需进一步研究。细胞外囊泡（EV）是纳米级结构，通过递送生物活性分子在细胞信号传导中发挥重要作用。然而，有关宿主、植物和微生物群来源 EV 在 MAFLD 中作用的文献仍明显不足。本综述探讨不同来源的 EV（宿主、植物和微生物群）作为生物标志物、治疗药物、药物载体和治疗靶点的潜力。首先讨论宿主来源 EV 在 MAFLD 中的作用，重点关注细胞类型特异性 EV 及其成分（蛋白质、miRNA 和脂质）在疾病诊断和监测中的用途。综述还强调间充质干细胞（MSC）来源 EV 减少脂质蓄积和肝损伤的治疗潜力，以及免疫细胞来源 EV 缓解炎症和纤维化的潜力。由于宿主来源 EV 可递送影响疾病机制的生物活性分子，本文也讨论其作为药物载体和治疗靶点的用途。此外，综述总结植物来源 EV 的研究，这些 EV 有助于减少 MAFLD 中肝脏脂质蓄积和炎症，并改善肠道屏障功能。本文还探讨微生物来源 EV 作为新型治疗靶点的可能性，特别是其与 MAFLD 中胰岛素抵抗、肝脏炎症和功能障碍的关系。总体而言，通过探索宿主、植物和微生物群来源 EV 在 MAFLD 中的多样化作用，本综述为其作为无创生物标志物及新型治疗策略的潜力提供有价值的见解，或可推动为这种日益常见的肝病开发更有效的诊断和治疗方案。文章还全面讨论了 EV 转化至临床实践所面临的挑战，旨在为未来研究提供可能的方向和策略。
Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, associated with systemic metabolic dysregulation. It can progress from simple hepatic steatosis (MAFL) to more severe conditions like Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). There is a critical lack of reliable non-invasive diagnostic methods and effective pharmaceutical treatments for MAFLD/MASH, emphasizing the need for further research. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale structures that play important roles in cell signaling by delivering bioactive molecules. However, there is a significant gap in literature regarding the roles of EVs from hosts, plants, and microbiota in MAFLD. This review explores the potential of EVs from various sources-host, plants, and microbiota-as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, drug carriers, and treatment targets for MAFLD. Firstly, the roles of host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in MAFLD, with a focus on cell-type specific EVs and their components-proteins, miRNAs, and lipids-for disease diagnosis and monitoring were discussed. Moreover, it highlighted the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs in reducing lipid accumulation and liver injury, and immune cell-derived EVs in mitigating inflammation and fibrosis. The review also discussed the use of host-derived EVs as drug carriers and therapeutic targets due to their ability to deliver bioactive molecules that impact disease mechanisms. Additionally, it summarized research on plant-derived EVs, which help reduce liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and enhance gut barrier function in MAFLD. Also, the review explored microbial-derived EVs as novel therapeutic targets, particularly in relation to insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and dysfunction in MAFLD. Overall, by exploring the diverse roles of EVs from host, plant, and microbiota sources in MAFLD, this review offers valuable insights into their potential as non-invasive biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies, which could pave the way for more effective diagnostic and treatment options for this increasingly prevalent liver disease. Notably, the challenges of translating EVs into clinical practice were also thoroughly discussed, aiming to provide possible directions and strategies for future research.
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