肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Clinical development of immuno-oncology therapeutics.
免疫肿瘤学（IO）是肿瘤学中增长最快的治疗领域之一。
免疫肿瘤学（IO）是肿瘤学中增长最快的治疗领域之一。IO药物通过宿主适应性和先天性免疫系统间接发挥作用，以识别和消灭肿瘤细胞。尽管检查点抑制剂自2011年才进入市场，但它们已成为获批数量第二多的产品类别。目前美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的IO药物类别包括：免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）、CAR-T 细胞疗法（CAR-T）、双特异性T细胞衔接器（BiTE）抗体疗法、T细胞受体（TCR）工程化T细胞疗法、TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法、细胞因子疗法、癌症疫苗疗法和溶瘤病毒疗法。癌症免疫治疗已在多种癌症类型中取得进展，包括黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）、肾细胞癌（RCC）和尿路上皮癌；然而，仍有几种癌症对免疫治疗难治。IO的未来方向包括探索新辅助/围手术期治疗、联合策略，以及通过改进生物标志物优化患者选择。
Immuno-oncology (IO) is one of the fastest growing therapeutic areas within oncology. IO agents work indirectly via the host's adaptive and innate immune system to recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Despite checkpoint inhibitors being only introduced to the market since 2011, they have become the second most approved product category. Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved classes of IO agents include: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cell therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. Cancer immunotherapy has made progress in multiple cancer types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and urothelial carcinoma; however, several cancers remain refractory to immunotherapy. Future directions of IO include exploration in the neoadjuvant/perioperative setting, combination strategies, and optimizing patient selection through improved biomarkers.
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