肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Killing the killers: Natural killer cell therapy targeting glioma stem cells in high-grade glioma.
高级别胶质瘤（HGGs），包括成人中的胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）和儿童中的弥漫性内生性桥脑胶质瘤（DIPG），是最具侵袭性和致命性的脑肿瘤之一。
高级别胶质瘤（HGGs），包括成人胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）和儿童弥漫性内生性桥脑胶质瘤（DIPG），是最具侵袭性和致命性的脑肿瘤之一。其耐药性的一个关键因素在于胶质瘤干细胞（GSCs）的存在，它们驱动肿瘤的发生、进展和治疗耐药。靶向并清除 GSCs 有望治愈 GBM 和 DIPG。自然杀伤（NK）细胞作为固有免疫系统的一部分，能够天然识别并杀伤恶性细胞。近年来基于 NK 细胞的疗法取得进展，如嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-NK 细胞、NK 细胞衔接器以及 NK 细胞来源的外泌体，为治疗 GBM 和 DIPG 提供了有前景的方法，尤其是在解决 GSCs 持续存在这一问题方面。本综述重点介绍了这些进展，探讨了血脑屏障和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境等挑战，并提出了改进这些基于 NK 细胞的 HGGs 疗法并推动其临床转化的未来方向。
High-grade gliomas (HGGs), including glioblastoma (GBM) in adults and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) in children, are among the most aggressive and deadly brain tumors. A key factor in their resilience is the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which drive tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. Targeting and eradicating GSCs holds potential for curing both GBM and DIPG. Natural killer (NK) cells, as part of the innate immune system, naturally recognize and destroy malignant cells. Recent advances in NK cell-based therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells, NK cell engagers, and NK cell-derived exosomes, offer promising approaches for treating GBM and DIPG, particularly by addressing the persistence of GSCs. This review highlights these advancements, explores challenges such as the blood-brain barrier and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and proposes future directions for improving and clinically advancing these NK cell-based therapies for HGGs.
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