肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Prospects of anti-GD2 immunotherapy for retinoblastoma.
Prospects of anti-GD2 immunotherapy for retinoblastoma.
视网膜母细胞瘤是婴幼儿中最常见的眼肿瘤类型。
视网膜母细胞瘤是婴幼儿和儿童最常见的眼部肿瘤。目前治疗方法包括静脉化疗、动脉内化疗、玻璃体腔内化疗、冷冻治疗、放疗和手术。然而，这些疗法伴随不良反应，如化疗药物毒性、术后并发症（包括手术致盲）或放疗引起的其他并发症。免疫治疗因对正常细胞毒性较低、可有效改善患者生活质量而更具前景。二唾液酸神经节苷脂（GD2）表达于视网膜母细胞瘤细胞表面，是潜在治疗靶点。本文总结了GD2靶向免疫治疗的临床前研究和临床试验进展。已获批用于治疗高危神经母细胞瘤的抗GD2单克隆抗体Dinutuximab，显示出改善患者预后的良好疗效。此外，嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法、GD2疫苗和纳米颗粒也是潜在治疗策略。最后，我们讨论这些免疫治疗方法用于视网膜母细胞瘤的前景和当前局限，以及可能的解决途径。
Retinoblastoma is the most common type of eye tumor in infants and children. Current treatments for retinoblastoma include intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, these treatments come accompanied by adverse effects such as the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, post-operative complications including blindness after surgery, or other complications caused by radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is more promising for its low toxicity on normal cells and effectively improves the quality of life of patients. Disialoganglioside (GD2), a sphingolipid expressed on the surface of retinoblastoma, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma. We summarized immunotherapeutic approaches for both preclinical studies and clinical trials of GD2. An anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (Dinutuximab), which has been approved for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas, has shown promising efficacy in improving patients' prognosis. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T therapy, GD2 vaccines and nanoparticles are also potential therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the prospects and current limitations of these immunotherapeutic approaches for treating retinoblastoma, as well as how to address these problems.
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