肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Exploring the potential of the convergence between extracellular vesicles and CAR technology as a novel immunotherapy approach.
Exploring the potential of the convergence between extracellular vesicles and CAR technology as a novel immunotherapy approach.
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癌症治疗是一个动态发展的领域，见证着创新方法的涌现，为与顽固性疾病作斗争的患者提供了充满希望的前景。在治疗探索领域，嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞以及CAR NK细胞已成为新方法，各自具有独特的属性和变革潜力。经工程化改造以表达识别肿瘤特异性抗原的CAR的免疫细胞，通过将抗体特异性的精准性与T细胞强大的细胞毒性功能相结合，在治疗终末期癌症方面展现出显著前景。
然而，它们在实体瘤中的应用仍处于初期阶段，面临着独特的主要挑战。同样，CAR NK细胞提供了一种独特的免疫治疗途径，利用NK细胞上的CAR，在安全性、生产简便性以及更广泛的癌症治疗范围方面具有优势。细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其能够携带关键生物标志物和生物活性分子，作为细胞间通讯网络中的重要信使，已成为有前景的治疗剂。在癌症背景下，EVs的治疗潜力在于精准递送肿瘤抑制蛋白、核酸成分或靶向药物，从而重新定义精准医学的范式。CAR技术与EVs能力的融合开创了一个新的治疗前沿。CAR-T EVs和CAR NK EVs利用EVs的力量，有潜力缓解与活细胞疗法相关的挑战。EVs被认为可减少与CAR-T 细胞疗法相关的副作用，并具有彻底改变实体瘤穿透性的潜力。EVs作为促凋亡分子和RNA成分的载体，增强免疫反应，从而扩展其治疗潜力。在这篇综述文章中，我们穿梭于动态领域，目的是评估比较疗效、安全性特征、生产复杂性和临床适用性。
Cancer therapy is a dynamically evolving field, witnessing the emergence of innovative approaches that offer a promising outlook for patients grappling with persistent disease. Within the realm of therapeutic exploration, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as well as CAR NK cells, have surfaced as novel approaches, each possessing unique attributes and transformative potential.
Immune cells engineered to express CARs recognizing tumour-specific antigens, have shown remarkable promise in treating terminal cancers by combining the precision of antibody specificity with the potent cytotoxic function of T cells.
However, their application in solid tumours is still in its nascent stages, presenting unique major challenges. On the same note, CAR NK cells offer a distinct immunotherapeutic approach, utilizing CARs on NK cells, providing advantages in safety, manufacturing simplicity, and a broader scope for cancer treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their ability to carry crucial biomarkers and biologically active molecules, serving as vital messengers in the intercellular communication network. In the context of cancer, the therapeutic potential of EVs lies in delivering tumour-suppressing proteins, nucleic acid components, or targeting drugs with precision, thereby redefining the paradigm of precision medicine.
The fusion of CAR technology with the capabilities of EVs has given rise to a new therapeutic frontier. CAR T EVs and CAR NK EVs, leveraging the power of EVs, have the potential to alleviate challenges associated with live-cell therapies. EVs are suggested to reduce the side effects linked to CAR T cell therapy and hold the potential to revolutionize the penetrance in solid tumours.
EVs act as carriers of pro-apoptotic molecules and RNA components, enhancing immune responses and thereby expanding their therapeutic potential. In this review article, we navigate dynamic landscapes, with our objective being to evaluate comparative efficacy, safety profiles, manufacturing complexities, and clinical applicability.
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