肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Nucleic acid-based vaccine for ovarian cancer cells; bench to bedside.
卵巢癌仍然是一个影响全球数百万人的棘手医学问题。
卵巢癌仍然是一个棘手的医学问题，影响着全球数百万人。癌症免疫治疗的重要平台包括检查点抑制剂、CAR-T 细胞、双特异性抗体、癌症疫苗以及其他基于细胞的治疗方法。为避免多种感染性疾病，基于合成肽、重组亚单位疫苗以及减毒活疫苗和灭活病原体的传统疫苗经常被使用。然而，疫苗生产过程并非完全安全，并且存在污染活微生物的重大风险。因此，针对病毒性和非感染性疾病（包括癌症），需要开发替代疫苗。近年来，核酸疫苗（NAVs）作为癌症治疗手段正在接受测试。DNA和mRNA疫苗以遗传方式编码肿瘤抗原（TAs），宿主利用这些抗原来触发针对表达这些TAs的卵巢癌细胞的免疫反应。尽管NAVs简单、安全且易于生产，但目前并不被认为是可以理想替代肽疫苗的方案。这一策略面临的一些障碍包括选择合适的治疗性抗原（TAs）、免疫原性不足以及卵巢癌的免疫抑制特性。在本综述中，我们重点关注已被用于提高NAVs在对抗卵巢癌中有效性的策略。
Ovarian cancer continues to be a difficult medical issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Important platforms for cancer immunotherapy include checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, and other cell-based treatments. To avoid numerous infectious illnesses, conventional vaccinations based on synthetic peptides, recombinant subunit vaccines, and live attenuated and inactivated pathogens are frequently utilized. Vaccine manufacturing processes, however, are not entirely safe and carry a significant danger of contaminating living microorganisms. As a result, the creation of substitute vaccinations is required for both viral and noninfectious illnesses, including cancer. Recently, there has been testing of nucleic acid vaccines, or NAVs, as a cancer therapeutic. Tumor antigens (TAs) are genetically encoded by DNA and mRNA vaccines, which the host uses to trigger immune responses against ovarian cancer cells that exhibit the TAs. Despite being straightforward, safe, and easy to produce, NAVs are not currently thought to be an ideal replacement for peptide vaccines. Some obstacles to this strategy include selecting the appropriate therapeutic agents (TAs), inadequate immunogenicity, and the immunosuppressive characteristic of ovarian cancer. We focus on strategies that have been employed to increase NAVs' effectiveness in the fight against ovarian cancer in this review.
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