肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），也称为IV级星形细胞瘤，是成人中最常见且致命的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤。
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），也称为IV级星形细胞瘤，是成人中最常见且最致命的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤。尽管当前GBM治疗如手术、放疗和化疗取得了重大突破，但由于手术切除后肿瘤复发，晚期胶质母细胞瘤的预后仍然黯淡。不良预后凸显了对更有效和靶向治疗的明显而迫切的需求。疫苗接种已成功治疗晚期结直肠癌和肺癌患者。因此，使用肿瘤疫苗治疗胶质母细胞瘤的潜在价值作为单一疗法或与其他细胞免疫疗法联合越来越受到讨论。癌症疫苗接种包括被动给予单克隆抗体和主动接种程序，以激活、增强或偏向针对癌细胞的抗肿瘤免疫。本文重点关注使用肽、遗传（DNA、mRNA）和细胞基疫苗治疗GBM的主动免疫疗法，并综述了目前正在测试的各种治疗方法。尽管这些疫苗易于合成、相对安全且能引发肿瘤特异性免疫反应，使其成为癌症治疗的宝贵工具，但需要更广泛的队列研究和更好的指南来提高这些疫苗在抗GBM治疗中的疗效。
Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of central nervous system malignancy in adults. Despite significant breakthroughs in current GBM treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for late-stage glioblastoma remains bleak due to tumor recurrence following surgical resection. The poor prognosis highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Vaccination has successfully treated patients with advanced colorectal and lung cancer. Therefore, the potential value of using tumor vaccines in treating glioblastoma is increasingly discussed as a monotherapy or in combination with other cellular immunotherapies. Cancer vaccination includes both passive administration of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccination procedures to activate, boost, or bias antitumor immunity against cancer cells. This article focuses on active immunotherapy with peptide, genetic (DNA, mRNA), and cell-based vaccines in treating GBM and reviews the various treatment approaches currently being tested. Although the ease of synthesis, relative safety, and ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have made these vaccines an invaluable tool for cancer treatment, more extensive cohort studies and better guidelines are needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccines in anti-GBM therapy.
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