肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：CAR T targets and microenvironmental barriers of osteosarcoma.
骨肉瘤（OS）是儿童和青少年中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。
骨肉瘤（OS）是儿童和青少年中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。多模式化疗和积极的手术切除改善了骨肉瘤患者的预后。然而，对于无法切除的晚期肿瘤、远处转移或化疗的OS患者，预后仍然很差。嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中取得了显著成功，为过继细胞治疗领域注入了新的活力。然而，在实体瘤中的疗效在很大程度上受到限制。实体瘤疗效不佳的原因主要是实体瘤抗原的异质性、免疫逃逸、肿瘤微环境屏障、免疫抑制细胞和抑制因子的抵抗，这些导致CAR T细胞浸润受阻和失败加重。骨肉瘤CAR T细胞治疗的潜在抗原靶点正在不断探索中。一些抗原靶点，如抗HER2-CAR T细胞，已在临床前研究中取得了良好结果，其中一些已进入临床研究并取得了一定的临床效果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了CAR T细胞治疗骨肉瘤的潜在抗原靶点和骨肉瘤微环境的研究进展。
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignancies in children and adolescents. Multimodal chemotherapy and aggressive surgical resection have improved the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. However, the prognosis of OS patients with unresectable advanced tumors, distant metastasis or chemotherapy is still poor. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, injecting new vitality into the field of adoptive cell therapy. However, the efficacy in solid tumors has been largely limited. The reason for the poor curative effect of solid tumors is mainly the heterogeneity of solid tumor antigen, immune escape, tumor microenvironment barrier, resistance of immunosuppressive cells and inhibitory factors, which lead to the obstruction of CAR T cell infiltration and the aggravation of failure. Potential antigenic targets for osteosarcoma CAR T cell therapy are under continuous exploration. Some of the antigenic targets, such as anti-HER2-CAR T cells, have achieved good results in preclinical studies, and some of them have entered clinical studies and achieved certain clinical effects. In this review, we discuss the research progress of potential antigen targets and osteosarcoma microenvironment of CAR T cells in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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