肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Effects of Mycobacterium bovis Calmette et Guérin (BCG) in oncotherapy: Bladder cancer and beyond.
牛型结核分枝杆菌卡介苗（BCG）于1921年在一组研究人员的努力下研制成功，Albert Calmette和Camille Guérin致力于开发一种对抗活动性结核病（TB）的疫苗。
牛型结核分枝杆菌卡介苗（BCG）疫苗于1921年在Albert Calmette和Camille Guérin领导的研究团队的努力下研制成功，该团队致力于开发一种针对活动性结核病（TB）的疫苗。此后，BCG疫苗在全球范围内用于预防儿童期结核病和播散性结核病；然而，其对成年和老龄人群肺结核的保护效力差异很大。由于BCG诱导的免疫效应，该疫苗后来被证明具有抗肿瘤活性；尽管其背后的持久机制仍不清楚。近期研究表明，固有免疫和适应性细胞应答可能在BCG根除和预防膀胱癌中发挥重要作用。因此，自然杀伤（NK）细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、中性粒细胞，以及MHC限制性CD4和CD8 T细胞和γδ T细胞等细胞可能发挥重要作用，并可能成为BCG治疗中的主要效应细胞之一。在此，我们讨论BCG治疗在膀胱癌和其他癌症中的作用，包括当前策略及其对膀胱癌保护性抗肿瘤免疫的产生和维持的影响。
The Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine was generated in 1921 with the efforts of a team of investigators, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, dedicated to the determination to develop a vaccine against active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Since then, BCG vaccination is used globally for protection against childhood and disseminated TB; however, its efficacy at protecting against pulmonary TB in adult and aging populations is highly variable. Due to the BCG generated immunity, this vaccine later proved to have an antitumor activity; though the standing mechanisms behind are still unclear. Recent studies indicate that both innate and adaptive cell responses may play an important role in BCG eradication and prevention of bladder cancer. Thus, cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils but also MHC-restricted CD4 and CD8 T cells and γδ T cells may play an important role and can be one the main effectors in BCG therapy. Here, we discuss the role of BCG therapy in bladder cancer and other cancers, including current strategies and their impact on the generation and sustainability of protective antitumor immunity against bladder cancer.
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