决定异体 CAR T 细胞排斥与扩增的细胞和分子机制
Cellular and molecular mechanisms determining allogeneic CAR T cell rejection and expansion.
我们评估了11例接受单一批次cemacabtagene ansegedleucel(cema-cel)治疗的大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,cemacabtagene ansegedleucel是一种异体抗CD19 CAR T产品。
英文原题:DALY II Japan/MB-CART2019.1 for DLBCL
这是一项 II 期注册临床试验,评估细胞治疗用于弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤的安全性、可行性及初步疗效。当前状态:招募中。计划入组 31 例。试验地点:日本 · 东京(共 5 个中心)。登记号:NCT07288879。
不限性别 · ≥ 18 Years
纳入标准:
1. 经组织学确诊的DLBCL或相关亚型,符合WHO 2016分类:
* DLBCL非特指型(NOS)
* 伴有MYC和BCL2和/或BCL6重排的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤
* 高级别B细胞淋巴瘤,NOS
* 原发纵隔(胸腺)大B细胞淋巴瘤
* 转化型淋巴瘤(例如转化型滤泡性淋巴瘤或边缘区淋巴瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤3B级)
2. 接受过2线或以上化疗(包括利妥昔单抗和蒽环类药物)后复发或难治性疾病,且自体干细胞移植(ASCT)失败,或不适合或不同意接受ASCT 2.1 化疗难治性疾病定义为以下之一:
* 对末线治疗无缓解:
* 对最近治疗方案的最佳缓解为疾病进展(PD)
* 对最近治疗方案的最佳缓解为疾病稳定(SD),且持续时间自末次给药起不超过6个月 或
* 既往因淋巴瘤接受ASCT后复发或持续存在疾病
* ASCT后疾病进展或复发时间≤24个月
* 若ASCT后接受挽救治疗,则个体必须对末线治疗无缓解或末线治疗后复发 2.2 无既往ASCT受试者的疾病复发定义为最近治疗方案末次给药后≤12个月内疾病复发 2.3 不适合ASCT定义为符合以下标准之一:
* 挽救治疗后化疗难治性疾病
* 挽救治疗后疾病进展或复发≤12个月
* 对挽救治疗不耐受
此外,所有受试者必须:
3. 年龄≥18岁
4. 筛选时东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)体能状态为0或1。若体能状态下降由DLBCL所致,筛选时ECOG体能状态为2可允许
5. 根据Lugano 2014标准(Cheson等,2014)用于评估淋巴瘤氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射断层扫描(FDG-PET)/计算机断层扫描(CT),存在可测量病灶
6. 最近一次化学免疫治疗后不要求肿瘤CD19或CD20抗原表达;但是,6.1 受试者在MB-CART2019.1输注前必须至少有20张未染色组织切片可用 6.2 若存档组织不可用,受试者必须愿意接受尝试重复活检
7. 无中枢神经系统(CNS)淋巴瘤的临床怀疑
8. 若受试者有CNS疾病史,则他/她必须 8.1. 无CNS疾病的体征或症状 8.2. 磁共振成像(MRI)上无活动性疾病 8.3. 细胞离心涂片制备和流式细胞术检查脑脊液(CSF)中无大细胞淋巴瘤,无论白细胞(WBC)计数如何
9. 若受试者有脑血管意外(CVA)病史 9.1. CVA事件必须发生在白细胞分离采集前12个月以上 9.2. 任何神经功能缺损必须稳定
10. 通过Cockcroft-Gault方程估算的肌酐清除率(eGFR)> 60mL/min
11. 通过超声心动图(ECHO)测定的心脏射血分数(EF)≥ 45%
12. 室内空气下静息O2饱和度>90%
13. 血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)/天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)< 年龄对应正常值上限(ULN)的5倍
14. 总胆红素<1.5 mg/dl,Gilbert综合征患者除外
15. 中性粒细胞绝对计数(ANC)> 1000/μL
16. 淋巴细胞绝对计数> 100/μL
17. 血小板计数> 50,000/μL
18. 除原发疾病外,预计生存期超过3个月
19. 有生育能力或使女方受孕可能的受试者必须愿意自参加本研究时起至研究随访期结束期间采取避孕措施
排除标准:
1. 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤
2. 由慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)转化的Richter转化型DLBCL
3. 无法提供知情同意
4. 已知人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染史或活动性乙型肝炎(HBsAg阳性),除非经聚合酶链反应(PCR)确认为阴性;若HBsAg阴性且抗-HBc阳性,需按照日本乙型肝炎治疗指南推荐进行抗病毒预防
5. 已知丙型肝炎病毒(抗-HCV阳性)感染史,除非定量PCR和/或核酸检测未检出病毒载量
6. 已知活动性癫痫病史,或存在癫痫活动,或在过去12个月内正在服用抗癫痫药物
7. 已知过去12个月内有CVA病史
8. 已知自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病病史或现症,如多发性硬化、视神经炎或其他免疫性或炎症性疾病
9. 存在活动性中枢神经系统疾病,经研究者判断可能影响神经毒性评估能力
10. 活动性全身性真菌、病毒或细菌感染
11. 妊娠或哺乳期女性
12. 既往或合并恶性肿瘤,以下情况除外:
* 经充分治疗的基底细胞癌或鳞状细胞癌(研究入组前需伤口充分愈合)
* 宫颈或乳腺原位癌,经治愈性治疗且研究前至少2年无复发证据
* 经充分治疗的乳腺癌或前列腺癌,正在接受Lupron或他莫昔芬等激素治疗,且临床缓解≥ 2年
* 已完全切除/以治愈为目的治疗且完全缓解≥ 2年的原发性恶性肿瘤
13. 需要全身性免疫抑制或全身性疾病修正药物治疗的非神经系统自身免疫性疾病病史(如克罗恩病、类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮)
14. 需要使用相当于泼尼松>10 mg/天的全身性皮质类固醇长期治疗的医学状况
15. 入组前6个月内有心肌梗死、心脏血管成形术或支架植入术、不稳定型心绞痛或其他临床显著心脏病的病史
16. 同时进行放疗(允许至白细胞分离术时)
17. 基线痴呆会干扰治疗或监测,通过基线时的免疫效应细胞相关脑病(ICE)评估确定。(附录6,第13.6节)
18. 对本研究中使用的任何药物有严重速发型超敏反应史
19. 拒绝参与额外的慢病毒基因治疗LTFU方案
20. 既往因任何适应症接受过CAR T细胞治疗
21. 既往因任何适应症接受过异基因干细胞移植。
22. 既往因癌症治疗接受过双特异性抗体
23. 既往接受过T细胞受体工程化T细胞治疗
24. 既往接受过抗CD19免疫治疗
25. 对任何药物包括MB-CART2019.1(以及生产中所用成分、辅料/杂质,包括牛和啮齿动物来源成分)过敏,且该药物计划或可能在试验参与期间给予,例如作为强制性预处理化疗或治疗相关毒性的救援药物/挽救治疗的一部分。
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Histologically confirmed DLBCL or associated subtype, defined by WHO 2016 classification:
* DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS)
* High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements
* High-grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS
* Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
* Transformed lymphoma (e.g. transformed follicular or marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma Grade 3B)
2. Relapsed or refractory disease after 2 or more lines of chemotherapy including rituximab and anthracycline and either having failed autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), or being ineligible for or not consenting to ASCT 2.1 Chemotherapy-refractory disease is defined as one of the following:
* No response to last line of therapy:
* Progressive disease (PD) as best response to most recent therapy regimen
* Stable disease (SD) as best response to most recent therapy with duration no longer than 6 months from last dose of therapy OR
* Relapsed or persistent disease after prior ASCT for lymphoma
* Disease progression or relapse less than or equal to 24 months of ASCT
* If salvage therapy is given post-ASCT, the individual must have had no response to or relapsed after the last line of therapy 2.2 Disease relapse in subjects without prior ASCT is defined as relapse of disease in ≤ 12 months after the last dose of most recent therapy regimen 2.3 Ineligible for ASCT is defined as meeting one of the following criteria:
* Chemotherapy-refractory disease after salvage therapy
* Disease progression or relapse ≤ 12 months after salvage therapy
* Intolerance to salvage therapy
In addition, all subjects must have:
3. Age ≥18 years
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status that is either 0 or 1 at screening. ECOG performance status of 2 at screen is allowed if the decrease in performance status is due to DLBCL
5. Measurable disease according to Lugano 2014 criteria for assessing fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computer tomography (CT) in lymphoma (Cheson et al, 2014)
6. CD19 or CD20 antigen expression on tumor is not required after the most recent chemoimmunotherapy; however, 6.1 Subject must have at least 20 unstained slides of tissue available prior to MB-CART2019.1 infusion 6.2 If archival tissue is not available, subject must be willing to undergo attempted repeat biopsy
7. No clinical suspicion of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma
8. If the subject has history of CNS disease, then he/she must 8.1. Have no signs or symptoms of CNS disease 8.2. Have no active disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 8.3. Have no large cell lymphoma present in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) on cytospin preparation and flow cytometry, regardless of the number of white blood cells (WBCs)
9. If the subject has history of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) 9.1. The CVA event must be greater than 12 months prior to leukapheresis 9.2. Any neurological deficits must be stable
10. An estimated creatinine clearance by Cockcroft-Gault Equation (eGFR) \> 60mL/min
11. Cardiac ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 45% as determined by an echocardiogram (ECHO)
12. Resting O2 saturation \>90% on room air
13. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) / aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \<5 times the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for age
14. Total bilirubin \<1.5 mg/dl, except in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome
15. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/μL
16. Absolute lymphocyte count \> 100/μL
17. Platelet count \> 50,000/μL
18. Estimated life expectancy of more than 3 months other than primary disease
19. Subjects of childbearing or child fathering potential must be willing to practice birth control from the time of enrollment on this study until the follow-up period of the study
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Primary CNS lymphoma
2. Richter's transformed DLBCL arising from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
3. Unable to give informed consent
4. Known history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B (HBsAg positive), unless confirmed to be polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative; antiviral prophylaxis is required as recommended in the Japanese guidelines for Hepatitis B treatment if HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive
5. Known history of infection with hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV positive) unless viral load is undetectable per quantitative PCR and/or nucleic acid testing
6. Known history of active seizure or presence of seizure activities or on active anti-seizure medications within the prior 12 months
7. Known history of CVA within prior 12 months
8. Known history or presence of autoimmune CNS disease, such as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis or other immunologic or inflammatory disease
9. Presence of active CNS disorder that, in the judgment of the investigator, may impair the ability to evaluate neurotoxicity
10. Active systemic fungal, viral or bacterial infection
11. Pregnant or breast-feeding woman
12. Previous or concurrent malignancy with the following exceptions:
* Adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma (adequate wound healing is required prior to study entry)
* In situ carcinoma of the cervix or breast, treated curatively and without evidence of recurrence for at least 2 years prior to the study
* Adequately treated breast or prostate carcinoma on hormonal therapies such as Lupron or tamoxifen and in clinical remission of ≥ 2 years
* A primary malignancy which has been completely resected / treated with curative intent and in complete remission of ≥ 2 years
13. History of non-neurologic autoimmune disease (e.g. Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) requiring systemic immunosuppressive or systemic disease modifying agents within the last 2 years
14. Medical condition requiring prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids equivalent to Prednisone \>10 mg/day
15. History of myocardial infarction, cardiac angioplasty or stenting, unstable angina, or other clinically significant cardiac disease within 6 months of enrollment
16. Concurrent radiotherapy (allow up to time of leukapheresis)
17. Baseline dementia that would interfere with therapy or monitoring, determined using Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) Assessment at baseline. (Appendix 6, Section 13.6)
18. History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to any of the agents used in this study
19. Refusal to participate in additional lentiviral gene therapy LTFU protocol
20. Prior CAR T cell therapy for any indication
21. Prior allogeneic stem cell transplant for any indication.
22. Prior bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy
23. Prior T cell receptor-engineered T cell therapy
24. Prior anti CD 19 immunotherapy
25. Hypersensitivity against any drug including MB-CART2019.1 (and the constituents used in the production, ingredients/impurities, including bovine and rodent-derived components), that is scheduled or likely to be given during trial participation, e.g. as part of the mandatory preparative chemotherapy or rescue medication/salvage therapies for treatment related toxicities.以上为辅助阅读译文。是否适合入组须由主治医生判断,最终以登记平台与研究者确认为准。
主要终点:Objective Response Rate · Objective Response Rate (ORR) (complete response rate \[CRR\] + partial response rate \[PRR\]) using Lugano 2014 Criteria (Cheson et al, 2014) at one month with independent central review · 1 month
次要终点:Complete Response Rate;Duration of response;Objective Response Rate;Best Overall Response;Progression Free Survival;Overall Survival;Type, frequency, and severity of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events of special interest (AESI);Incidence of anti-MB-CART2019.1 antibodies
MB-CART2019.1 治疗
DALY II Japan是一项II期、多中心、单臂研究,旨在评估zamtocabtagene autoleucel(MB-CART2019.1)在接受至少两线治疗后的复发和/或难治性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者中的疗效、安全性和药代动力学。
DALY II Japan is a phase II, multi-center, single arm study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of zamtocabtagene autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after receiving at least two lines of therapy.
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