肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Patient-derived organoids in hematologic malignancies: Fidelity and translation beyond animals.
血液系统肿瘤患者来源类器官（PDOs）在 3D 中重建人骨髓和淋巴结微环境，保留恶性细胞状态、克隆多样性和临床相关的药物反应。
血液系统肿瘤患者来源类器官（PDO）可在三维环境中重建人骨髓和淋巴结微环境，保留恶性细胞状态、克隆多样性及具有临床相关性的药物反应。白血病PDO可模拟复杂的骨髓生态位及其细胞因子依赖性。淋巴瘤PDO可重现免疫细胞与基质间相互作用，并用于测试靶向治疗和免疫治疗，包括双特异性抗体和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞。多发性骨髓瘤PDO可模拟骨髓微环境，并维持驱动耐药的浆细胞肿瘤存活信号。在多种临床前模型中，PDO在机制解析和转化研究方面优于二维培养、肿瘤球和异种移植模型。监管支持不断增加，加上美国国立卫生研究院的投入，使血液系统肿瘤PDO有望成为功能性精准肿瘤学的前沿平台。本综述介绍现有模型、各疾病领域的进展、质量标准和未来方向。
Hematologic patient-derived organoids (PDOs) reconstruct human bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments in 3D, preserving malignant cell states, clonal diversity, and clinically relevant drug responses. Leukemia PDOs artificially mimic the complex bone marrow niche and cytokine dependencies. Lymphoma PDOs recapture immune-stromal interactions and enable testing of targeted and immunotherapies, including bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. Multiple myeloma PDOs model the bone marrow microenvironment and maintain plasma tumor cell survival cues that drive drug resistance. Across preclinical models, PDOs outperform 2D cultures, spheroids, and xenografts in mechanistic and translational resolution. Converging regulatory support and National Institutes of Health investment position hematologic PDOs as frontline platforms for functional precision oncology. This review highlights current systems, disease-specific advances, quality standards, and future directions.
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