肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：CD22 as a Target for Hematological Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases.
CD22 是一种主要表达于 B 细胞表面的关键抑制性共受体，在调节 B 细胞受体（BCR）信号传导和维持免疫稳态中发挥关键作用。
CD22是一种关键的抑制性共受体，主要表达于B细胞表面，在调节B细胞受体（BCR）信号和维持免疫稳态中发挥重要作用。其高度B细胞谱系特异性、快速内化能力，以及由免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序（ITIM）介导的信号衰减作用，使其成为B细胞相关疾病的理想治疗靶点。近年来，靶向CD22的治疗策略在血液系统恶性肿瘤和自身免疫病治疗中取得了显著临床进展，包括免疫毒素、放射免疫偶联物、抗体药物偶联物（ADC）、双特异性抗体和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法。值得注意的是，单药治疗虽已取得较高应答率，双靶点策略（如CD19/CD22 CAR-T）则进一步降低抗原逃逸风险，并显著提高长期持久疗效。本综述系统总结CD22的分子机制及其靶向治疗的最新临床进展，并着重介绍靶向CD22策略，尤其是CAR-T细胞疗法，从肿瘤学向自身免疫病治疗拓展的转化前景，同时概述这一快速发展的领域未来的研究重点。
CD22 is a critical inhibitory coreceptor predominantly expressed on the surface of B cells, playing a pivotal role in modulating B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its high B cell lineage specificity, rapid internalization capacity, and signal attenuation mediated by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) render it an ideal therapeutic target for B cell-related pathologies. In recent years, CD22-targeted therapeutic strategies have demonstrated significant clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. These strategies encompass immunotoxins, radioimmunoconjugates, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Notably, while monotherapies have achieved high response rates, dual-targeting approaches (e.g., CD19/CD22 CAR-T) have further mitigated the risk of antigen escape and profoundly enhanced long-term durable efficacy. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of CD22 and the latest clinical advancements in its targeted therapies. Furthermore, we highlight the promising translational potential of CD22-targeted strategies-particularly CAR-T cell therapy-from oncology to the management of autoimmune disorders, outlining future research priorities within this rapidly evolving field.
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