肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Immunotherapy for gynecological tumors: From mechanism to clinical practice.
妇科肿瘤是一组影响女性生殖系统的常见且高度致命的恶性肿瘤。
妇科肿瘤是一组影响女性生殖系统的常见且高度致命的恶性肿瘤。以免疫细胞功能障碍和抑制性细胞因子失调为特征的免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境，在肿瘤发生、进展以及对常规治疗的耐药中发挥关键作用。尽管标准治疗——包括手术、放疗和化疗——仍是早期疾病的主要治疗手段，但往往无法控制晚期、复发或耐药肿瘤。近年来，免疫治疗已成为癌症治疗中一种变革性方法，为妇科恶性肿瘤患者带来了新的希望。值得注意的是，免疫检查点抑制剂、过继性细胞治疗和癌症治疗性疫苗在多项临床试验中显示出令人鼓舞的疗效。本综述系统总结了主要妇科癌症（包括宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌）免疫治疗的最新进展。我们重点关注这些肿瘤的免疫学格局、免疫治疗的基本机制、关键临床发现以及当前挑战。此外，我们强调未来的研究方向并探讨个性化免疫治疗的前景，旨在为临床转化提供理论见解和实践指导。
Gynecological tumors are a group of prevalent and highly lethal malignancies affecting the female reproductive system. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by immune cell dysfunction and inhibitory cytokine dysregulation, plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to conventional therapies. Although standard treatments-including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy-remain the mainstay for early-stage disease, they often fail to manage advanced, recurrent, or drug-resistant tumors. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients with gynecological malignancies. Notably, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer therapeutic vaccines have exhibited encouraging efficacy across several clinical trials. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in immunotherapy for major gynecological cancers, including cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. We focus on the immunological landscape of these tumors, the underlying mechanisms of immune-based therapies, key clinical findings, and current challenges. In addition, we highlight future research directions and explore prospects for personalized immunotherapy, aiming to provide both theoretical insight and practical guidance for clinical translation.
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