肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Tumor Immunity: Limitations and Therapeutic Potential with a Focus on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Comparison with T-Cell-Based Therapies.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Tumor Immunity: Limitations and Therapeutic Potential with a Focus on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Comparison with T-Cell-Based Therapies.
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自然杀伤（NK）细胞日益被视为基于T细胞的癌症免疫疗法的补充平台。其固有的、不受MHC限制的识别能力、介导抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）的能力以及相对有利的毒性特征，催生了广泛的治疗管线，包括细胞因子支持方案、过继性NK产品、双特异性和三特异性NK衔接器，以及嵌合抗原受体（CAR）工程化NK细胞。临床数据，尤其是在血液系统恶性肿瘤中，显示基于NK细胞的策略可以是安全且具有生物学活性的，尽管有限的持久性、次优的运输和免疫逃逸仍是关键挑战。鼻咽癌（NPC）是一种由Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）驱动的上皮性癌症，它说明了肿瘤微环境（TME）如何能够同时损害NK功能并创造NK聚焦疗法可以利用的特定脆弱性。本综述总结了NK生物学和当前的治疗平台，分析了主要局限性，强调了基于NK细胞策略在NPC中的特定背景，并比较了基于NK和基于T细胞的疗法，重点在于临床转化。
Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly recognized as a complementary platform to T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies. Their innate, MHC-unrestricted recognition, capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and comparatively favorable toxicity profile have given rise to a broad therapeutic pipeline that includes cytokine-supported regimens, adoptive NK products, bispecific and trispecific NK engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. Clinical data, particularly in hematologic malignancies, show that NK-cell-based strategies can be safe and biologically active, although limited persistence, suboptimal trafficking and immune escape remain key challenges.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven epithelial cancer, illustrates how a tumor microenvironment (TME) can simultaneously impair NK function and create specific vulnerabilities that NK-focused therapies can exploit. This review summarizes NK biology and current therapeutic platforms, analyzes major limitations, highlights the specific context of NK-cell-based strategies in NPC and compares NK- and T-cell-based therapies with an emphasis on clinical translation.
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