肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Advances in Immunotherapies for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in a Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Strategies and Clinical Prospects.
这些策略联合起来可能带来更持久的缓解，提高治疗疗效并降低肿瘤复发风险。
癌症干细胞（CSC）是肿瘤中的一个独特亚群，在肿瘤起始、转移、治疗耐药和癌症复发中发挥重要作用。肿瘤微环境（TME）提供多种生物信号以维持干性、促进免疫逃逸和治疗耐药，因而显著影响CSC的持续存在。因此，有效靶向CSC对于提高治疗效果至关重要。本综述总结CSC及其TME生态位的主要特征，重点介绍其与免疫细胞、基质成分和分泌因子的相互作用。我们还讨论靶向CSC的主要挑战，包括免疫逃逸、代谢限制和肿瘤内异质性。进一步概述当前及新兴的CSC靶向免疫治疗策略，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、癌症疫苗、单克隆抗体、纳米抗体、双特异性抗体、抗体药物偶联物（ADC）、CAR-T和CAR-NK细胞疗法、溶瘤病毒，以及靶向蛋白降解等创新方法。最后，我们强调将靶向CSC与调节TME相结合的联合治疗方法的重要性。这些策略有望带来更持久的应答、增强治疗疗效并降低肿瘤复发风险。
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct subpopulation within a tumor that play an important role in tumor initiation, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and cancer relapse. Their persistence is strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which provides a range of biological signals that maintain stemness, promote immune evasion, and resistance to cancer treatment. Therefore, effective targeting of CSCs is essential to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the key characteristics of CSCs and their niche within the TME, emphasizing their interactions with immune cells, stromal components, and secreted factors. We also discuss the major challenges in targeting CSCs, including immune evasion, metabolic constraints, and intratumoral heterogeneity. We further highlight current and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, as well as innovative approaches such as targeted protein degradation. Finally, we emphasize the importance of a combinatorial approach that integrates CSCs targeting with modulation of the TME. Together, these strategies may lead to more durable responses, enhance therapy efficacy and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
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