肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Recent advances in CAR T and CAR NK cell therapy for AML.
CAR-T细胞疗法在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面显示出显著疗效，包括B细胞淋巴瘤、B细胞白血病和多发性骨髓瘤。
CAR T细胞疗法在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面已显示出显著疗效，包括B细胞淋巴瘤、B细胞白血病和多发性骨髓瘤。急性髓系白血病（AML）的CAR T细胞疗法也亟需发展。主要挑战之一是鉴定AML特异性抗原，因为许多潜在候选靶点（如CD33、CD123、CLL-1、CD70、TIM-3和FLT3）也表达于正常造血祖细胞上。这可能导致“靶向/脱肿瘤”毒性和骨髓再生障碍。用于AML的CAR NK细胞疗法作为一种毒性更低、即用型替代方案展现出前景。NK细胞发生GVHD的固有风险较低，且可能引起较轻的CRS/ICANS。在本综述中，我们将描述用于AML的CAR T/NK细胞开发的现状。我们还将介绍一种新的CAR T细胞或NK细胞疗法，该疗法靶向异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的AML患者中错配的HLA-DRB1。
CAR T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating haematological malignancies, including B-cell lymphomas, B-cell leukaemias, and multiple myeloma. CAR T cell therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is also urgently needed. One of the major challenges is identifying AML-specific antigens, since many potential candidates (e.g. CD33, CD123, CLL-1, CD70, TIM-3 and FLT3) are also expressed on normal haematopoietic progenitors. This can lead to 'on-target/off-tumour' toxicity and bone marrow aplasia. CAR NK cell therapy for AML shows promise as a lower-toxicity, off-the-shelf alternative. NK cells have a lower inherent risk of GVHD and may cause milder CRS/ICANS. In this review, we will describe the current status of CAR T/NK cell development for AML. We will also introduce a new CAR T-cell or NK-cell therapy that targets mismatched HLA-DRB1 in patients with AML who have relapsed following an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant.
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