CELL INTELLIGENCE · 肿瘤细胞治疗研究

INTRODUCTION: FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cell therapies (CARTs) have revolutionized the treatment of blood cancers. Yet none have been successful for "solid" tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) has emerged as a clinical-stage target for CART and bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) therapies in CRC. IFN has been canonically recognized as beneficial for the effector functions of T cells by enhancing antigen processing and HLA presentation and is essential for CART targeting of solid malignancies by inducing adhesion molecule expression for synapse stabilization. METHODS: Using in vitro co-culture systems, conditioned media experiments, cytokine screening, pharmacologic inhibition, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout, and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated mechanisms of GUCY2C antigen loss in CRC cells exposed to activated CART cells. RESULTS: We identified a novel antigen loss mechanism that limits the efficacy of CART in CRC, in which IFN secreted by activated CART cells causes bystander cancer cells to lose GUCY2C. This previously unexplored antigen loss mechanism is mediated through IFN receptor, JAK, and cellular stress signaling pathways. This mechanism of antigen loss can be rescued with anti-IFN neutralizing antibody, the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, or 4-phenylbutyrate (an ER stress reliever). DISCUSSION: We revealed a negative effect of IFN that uniquely interferes with immunotherapies targeting native surface antigens, such as CART and BiTE therapies, which may be reversed by disrupting stress signaling pathways to enhance solid tumor CART and BiTE immunotherapies.