肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Progress and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for bladder cancer.
膀胱癌（BC）是全球范围内常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，全球发病率不断上升，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。
膀胱癌（BC）是全球范围内常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，全球发病率不断上升，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。晚期和转移性疾病的治疗仍然尤其具有挑战性。CAR-T 细胞免疫疗法已在血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出显著疗效，并越来越多地被探索用于实体瘤。本综述总结了CAR-T细胞疗法治疗BC的最新进展，重点关注主要治疗靶点、作用机制和潜在联合策略。此外，我们讨论了临床前研究和早期临床试验的结果。当前证据表明，CAR-T疗法在BC中表现出有前景的抗肿瘤活性。然而，仍存在若干关键挑战，包括最佳靶点选择、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）以及临床验证不足。这些发现可能为该领域未来的转化和临床研究提供指导。
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system worldwide, with a rising global incidence, posing a significant threat to public health. The treatment of advanced and metastatic disease remains particularly challenging. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematologic malignancies and is increasingly being explored in solid tumors. This review summarizes recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy for BC, focusing on major therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and potential combination strategies. Furthermore, we discuss findings from preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials. Current evidence indicates that CAR-T therapy exhibits promising antitumor activity in BC. However, several critical challenges remain, including optimal target selection, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and insufficient clinical validation. These findings may guide future translational and clinical investigations in this field.
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