肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T细胞治疗代表了过继性细胞免疫治疗的一项革命性进展，在血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出显著疗效。
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T细胞疗法代表了过继性细胞免疫治疗的一项革命性进展，在血液系统恶性肿瘤中展现出显著疗效。然而，其临床应用面临重大挑战：生产过程复杂且成本高昂、对实体瘤的治疗效果有限，以及严重的不良反应。纳米颗粒（NPs）凭借其可调控的理化性质、精准递送能力和多功能设计，为CAR-T疗法全流程提供了创新性解决方案。NPs可实现更高效、更安全的T细胞基因工程改造，增强CAR-T细胞向实体瘤的归巢与浸润，主动重塑免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境，并克服抗原异质性。此外，NPs能够实时监测CAR-T细胞在体内的时空活动，为治疗安全性管理开辟了新途径。本综述还探讨了人工智能在优化NPs设计、预测治疗效果和预判毒性反应方面的协同潜力，为开发更个性化的基于NPs的CAR-T疗法奠定基础。最后，我们讨论了NPs策略在其他免疫细胞平台（如CAR-NK和CAR-巨噬细胞）中的多功能性。
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents a revolutionary advancement in adoptive cellular immunotherapy, demonstrating remarkable efficacy against hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical application faces significant challenges: complex and costly production processes, limited therapeutic outcomes for solid tumors, and severe adverse reactions. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their tunable physicochemical properties, precise delivery capabilities, and multifunctional design, offer innovative solutions throughout the CAR-T therapy workflow. NPs enable more efficient and safer T-cell genetic engineering, enhance CAR-T cell homing and infiltration into solid tumors, actively remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and overcome antigen heterogeneity. Furthermore, NPs enable real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell spatiotemporal activity in vivo, opening novel avenues for therapeutic safety management. The review also explores the synergistic potential of artificial intelligence in optimizing NPs design, predicting therapeutic efficacy, and anticipating toxicity responses, laying the groundwork for developing more personalized NPs-based CAR-T therapy. Finally, we discuss the multifunctionality of NPs strategies in the other immune cell platforms, such as CAR-NK and CAR-macrophage cells.
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