肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Advancements in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer therapy: from molecular profiling to the advent of precision oncology.
小细胞肺癌（SCLC）因其高度恶性和早期转移扩散而难以管理。
小细胞肺癌（SCLC）因其高度恶性和早期转移特性而难以管理。尽管初始放化疗反应常见，但耐药性迅速出现，长期疗效仍有限。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）克服了既往生存障碍，在广泛期小细胞肺癌中延长了总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）。然而，绝对临床获益仍属中等。为解决疗效局限性，当前研究聚焦于通过探索多模式方案（如化疗免疫治疗中加入靶向治疗或放疗）优化一线策略，并推进分子分型以实现精准肿瘤学。此外，新兴疗法如DLL3靶向药物、双特异性抗体（bsAbs）、抗体药物偶联物（ADCs）和CAR-T 细胞疗法持续展现临床进展。本综述综合了SCLC管理方面的进展，重点关注多模式策略和新疗法的机制及临床应用，为临床决策、研究方向和生存改善提供指导。
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is challenging to manage due to its high malignancy and early metastatic spread. Although initial chemoradiotherapy responses are common, resistance rapidly develops, and long-term efficacy remains limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) overcome previous survival barriers, extending overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in extensive-stage SCLC. Nevertheless, absolute clinical benefits remain modest. To address efficacy limitations, current research focuses on optimizing first-line strategies by exploring multimodal regimens (e.g., adding targeted therapy or radiotherapy to chemoimmunotherapy) and advancing molecular subtyping for precision oncology. Furthermore, emerging therapies such as DLL3-targeted agents, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy continue to demonstrate clinical progress. This review synthesizes advances in SCLC management, focusing on mechanisms and clinical applications of multimodal strategies and novel therapies. It provides guidance for clinical decisions, research directions, and survival improvement.
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