肿瘤细胞治疗研究
英文原题：Nanotechnology for CAR T cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.
Nanotechnology for CAR T cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.
过继性 T 细胞疗法，尤其是 CAR T 细胞和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞），通过选择性靶向恶性细胞改变了肿瘤治疗。
过继T细胞疗法，尤其是CAR-T细胞和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法，通过选择性靶向恶性细胞改变了癌症治疗。尽管临床成功，这些疗法仍面临重大挑战，包括生产成本高，以及肿瘤施加的疗效限制。对调控T细胞活化的纳米尺度机制及肿瘤微环境限制T细胞应答作用的理解不断加深，推动了纳米技术策略的发展，这些策略整合关键化学和物理信号。在此，我们简要介绍CAR-T和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法现状，并讨论利用纳米技术改善其体外生产、体内表现，以及直接在体内生成CAR-T细胞的策略。我们强调纳米技术具有变革潜力，可克服现存挑战、拓展治疗应用，并指出影响CAR-T和TIL（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）疗法未来纳米技术发展的关键因素。
Adoptive T-cell therapies, and particularly CAR T cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, have transformed cancer treatment by selectively targeting malignant cells. Despite their clinical success, these therapies face substantial challenges, including costly manufacturing processes and tumour-imposed barriers that limit efficacy. Advances in understanding the nanoscale mechanisms governing T-cell activation and the role of the tumour microenvironment in restricting T-cell responses have driven the development of nanotechnology-based strategies that integrate key chemical and physical cues. Here we provide a brief overview of the current state of CAR T and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies and discuss nanotechnology strategies to enhance their ex vivo production, in vivo performance and the direct in vivo generation of CAR T cells. We highlight nanotechnology's transformative potential to overcome existing challenges, broaden therapeutic applications and identify factors that will shape the future of nanotechnology for CAR T and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies.
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